Mining pool
In the context of cryptocurrency mining, a mining pool is the pooling of resources by miners, who share their processing power over a network, to split the reward equally, according to the amount of work they contributed to the probability of finding a block. A "share" is awarded to members of the mining pool who present a valid partial proof-of-work. Mining in pools began when the difficulty for mining increased to the point where it could take centuries for slower miners to generate a block. The solution to this problem was for miners to pool their resources so they could generate blocks more quickly and therefore receive a portion of the block reward on a consistent basis, rather than randomly once every few years.
History
Late 2010: Slush launched the first mining pool
2011–2013: The era of deepbit, which at its peak, shares up to 45% of the network hashrate
2013–2014: Since the introduction of ASIC, and when deepbit failed to support the newer stratum protocol, GHash.IO replaced deepbit and became the largest
2014–2015: Rise of China. F2Pool which launched in May 2013, replaced GHash.IO and became then the largest mining pool
2016–2018: Rise of Bitmain and its AntPool. Bitmain also controls a few other smaller pools like BTC.com and ViaBTC
2019–2020: The launch of Poolin. Poolin and F2Pool each take 15% of the network hashrate, with smaller pools following.
2020: Binance launches a mining pool following Huobi and OKex. Luxor launches a US-based mining pool.
Mining pool share
Share is the principal concept of the mining pool operation. Share is a potential block solution. So it may be a block solution, but it is not necessarily so. For example, suppose a block solution is a number that ends with 10 zeros and, a share may be a number with 5 zeros at the end. Sooner or later one of the shares will have not only 5, but 10 zeros at the end, and this will be the block solution.
Mining pools need shares to estimate the miner's contribution to the work performed by the pool to find a block. There are numerous miner reward systems: PPS, PROP, PPLNS, PPLNT, and many more.
Mining pool methods
Mining pools may contain hundreds or thousands of miners using specialized protocols. In all these schemes {displaystyle B}B stands for a block reward minus pool fee and {displaystyle p}p is a probability of finding a block in a share attempt ({displaystyle p=1/D}p=1/D, where {displaystyle D}D is current block difficulty). A pool can support "variable share difficulty" feature, which means that a miner can select the share target (the lower bound of share difficulty) on his own and change {displaystyle p}p accordingly.
Pay-per-Share
The Pay-per-Share (PPS) approach offers an instant, guaranteed payout to a miner for his contribution to the probability that the pool finds a block. Miners are paid out from the pool's existing balance and can withdraw their payout immediately. This model allows for the least possible variance in payment for miners while also transferring much of the risk to the pool's operator.
Each share costs exactly the expected value of each hash attempt {displaystyle R=Bot p}R=Bot p.
Proportional
Miners earn shares until the pool finds a block (the end of the mining round). After that each user gets reward {displaystyle R=Bot {rac {n}{N}}}R=Bot {rac {n}{N}}, where {displaystyle n}n is amount of his own shares, and {displaystyle N}N is amount of all shares in this round. In other words, all shares are equal, but its cost is calculated only at the end of each round.
Bitcoin Pooled mining
Bitcoin Pooled mining (BPM), also known as "slush's system", due to its first use on a pool called "slush's pool', uses a system where older shares from the beginning of a block round are given less weight than more recent shares. A new round starts the moment the pool solves a block and miners are rewarded Proportional to the shares submitted. This reduces the ability to cheat the mining pool system by switching pools during a round, to maximize profit.
Pay-per-last-N-shares
Pay-per-last-N-shares (PPLNS) method is similar to Proportional, but the miner's reward is calculated on a basis of N last shares, instead of all shares for the last round. It means that when a block is found, the reward of each miner is calculated based on the miner contribution to the last N pool shares. Therefore, if the round was short enough all miners get more profit and vice versa.
Solo Mining Pool
Solo pools operate the same way as usual pools, with the only difference being that block reward is not distributed among all miners. The entire reward in a solo pool goes to the miner who finds the block.
Peer-to-Peer Mining Pool
Peer-to-peer mining pool (P2Pool) decentralizes the responsibilities of a pool server, removing the chance of the pool operator cheating or the server being a single point of failure. Miners work on a side blockchain called a share chain, mining at a lower difficulty at a rate of one share block per 30 seconds. Once a share block reaches the bitcoin network target, it is transmitted and merged onto the bitcoin blockchain. Miners are rewarded when this occurs proportional to the shares submitted prior to the target block. A P2Pool requires the miners to run a full bitcoin node, bearing the weight of hardware expenses and network bandwidth.
Geometric method
Geometric Method (GM) was invented by Meni Rosenfeld. It is based on the same "score" idea, as Slush's method: the score granted for every new share, relatively to already existing score and the score of future shares, is always the same, thus there is no advantage to mining early or late in the round.
Double Geometric method
Generalized version of Geometric and PPLNS methods..
Transaction Fees
Usually, the blocks in the cryptocurrency network contain transactions. Transaction fees are paid to the miner (mining pool). Different mining pools could share these fees between their miners or not. Pay-per-last-N-shares (PPLNS), Pay-Per-Share Plus (PPS+) or Full Pay-Per-Share (FPPS) are the most fair methods where the payouts from the pool include not only the block subsidy but also the transaction fees.
Multipool mining
Multipools switch between different altcoins and constantly calculate which coin is at that moment the most profitable to mine. Two key factors are involved in the algorithm that calculates profitability, the block time, and the price on the exchanges. To avoid the need for many different wallets for all possible minable coins, multipools may automatically exchange the mined coin to a coin that is accepted in the mainstream (for example bitcoin). Using this method, because the most profitable coins are being mined and then sold for the intended coin, it is possible to receive more coins in the intended currency than by mining that currency alone. This method also increases demand on the intended coin, which has the side effect of increasing or stabilizing the value of the intended coin.
How open allocation works, brieflyRewards are usually divided between the individuals who contributed, according to the proportion of each individual's processing power or work relative to the whole group. In some cases, individual miners must show proof of work in order to receive their rewards.
bitcoin knots
bitcoin графики bitcoin 0 тинькофф bitcoin платформу ethereum analysis bitcoin cryptocurrency ico bitcoin etherium tether app bitcoin earnings forum bitcoin биржа bitcoin
testnet bitcoin bitcoin приват24 bitcoin bitcoin compare games bitcoin ecdsa bitcoin bitcoin завести Because it opens the door to a global financial system where an Internet connection is all you need to access applications, products and services that operate in a trustless manner. Anyone can interact with the Ethereum network and participate in this digital economy, without the need for third parties and without the risk of censorship.deep bitcoin автомат bitcoin bitcoin make monero freebsd
surf bitcoin bitcoin bcc polkadot fpga ethereum bitcoin продать
bitcoin block bitcoin зарегистрировать bitcoin покер mastering bitcoin bitcoin пирамиды addnode bitcoin
machine bitcoin новости bitcoin стратегия bitcoin
bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin instaforex block bitcoin bitcoin cudaminer bitcoin проверить bitcoin instant
вход bitcoin
зарегистрироваться bitcoin polkadot bitcoin биржа я bitcoin simplewallet monero cryptocurrency trading часы bitcoin jaxx bitcoin token ethereum rx580 monero
linux ethereum настройка bitcoin
bitcoin usa 22 bitcoin 6000 bitcoin bitcoin purse эмиссия bitcoin
moto bitcoin bitcoin nyse bitcoin service ocean bitcoin автомат bitcoin
reklama bitcoin cryptocurrency gold ethereum charts matrix bitcoin
bitcoin ann добыча monero bitcoin pay bitcoin plus claim bitcoin
electrum bitcoin
bitcoin pay bitcoin frog python bitcoin bitcoin capital
обмен monero view bitcoin bitcoin atm bitcoin icons blake bitcoin игры bitcoin ethereum torrent ethereum пул bitcoin earnings bitcoin prosto терминалы bitcoin bitcoin cny epay bitcoin bitcoin реклама the ethereum bitcoin кран bitcoin pps bitcoinwisdom ethereum gemini bitcoin токены ethereum testnet bitcoin bitcoin лопнет monero dwarfpool film bitcoin foto bitcoin san bitcoin настройка monero monero cryptonight game bitcoin bitcoin комментарии аналоги bitcoin bitcoin минфин email bitcoin
bitcoin evolution explorer ethereum xpub bitcoin
доходность bitcoin bitcoin gold
bitcoin cap bitcoin haqida all cryptocurrency bitcoin nodes bitcoin airbit nicehash monero
bitcoin global collector bitcoin 1000 bitcoin сервисы bitcoin
mist ethereum
отзыв bitcoin отзыв bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin mastercard fast bitcoin работа bitcoin ethereum bitcointalk bitcoin china bitcoin ocean bitcoin значок
monero криптовалюта Litecoin has so much scope for growth, potential uses, and wide adoption. Right now, we must observe which companies begin adopting it and accepting transactions for their products and services. Other than that, the future of Litecoin is anyone’s guess.Total cryptocurrency market capitalization now exceeds $260,000,000,000, according to Live Coin Watch. Teenagers are becoming Bitcoin millionaires, as reported in CNBC and elsewhere. The excitement is palpable.uk bitcoin ethereum продам bitcoin register bitcoin network bitcointalk ethereum neteller bitcoin bitcoin 1000 bitcoin suisse bitcoin отслеживание
Several reports of employees or students using university or research computers to mine bitcoins have been published.bitcoin prosto crococoin bitcoin
ethereum farm bitcoin ocean фарм bitcoin bitcoin clouding проекта ethereum frontier ethereum bitcoin it
currencies that use POS are Peercoin, Ethereum, Bitshares, Dash, and NXT.bitcoin сервера bitcoin форумы monero rub bitcoin цены cryptocurrency price
bitcoin stock кликер bitcoin инвестирование bitcoin panda bitcoin lootool bitcoin monero стоимость bitcoin block blocks bitcoin
ico bitcoin bitcoin like trezor ethereum bitcoin crash Eventually a miner produces another block which attaches to only one of the competing simultaneously-mined blocks. This makes that side of the fork stronger than the other side. Assuming a fork only contains valid blocks, normal peers always follow the most difficult chain to recreate and throw away stale blocks belonging to shorter forks. (Stale blocks are also sometimes called orphans or orphan blocks, but those terms are also used for true orphan blocks without a known parent block.)Image for postcryptocurrency law There are still problems with this innovative model, however; for example, if the smart contracts underpinning MakerDAO don’t work exactly as anticipated. Indeed, they were gamed earlier this year, leading to losses of $8 million.collector bitcoin приложения bitcoin coins bitcoin download tether bitcoin заработок
Of course, actually 'shutting down' Liberty Dollars was as easy as arresting the head of the company and seizing the offices and the precious metals used as backing. The decentralized Bitcoin, with no leader, no servers, no office, and no tangible asset backing, does not have the same vulnerability.клиент bitcoin love bitcoin jpmorgan bitcoin bitcoin мерчант биржа ethereum hacking bitcoin
bitcoin pos
регистрация bitcoin bitcoin бонусы инструкция bitcoin bip bitcoin bitcoin bow хардфорк ethereum SPV clients which connect to full nodes can detect a likely hard fork by connecting to several full nodes and ensuring that they’re all on the same chain with the same block height, plus or minus several blocks to account for transmission delays and stale blocks. If there’s a divergence, the client can disconnect from nodes with weaker chains.новые bitcoin dollar bitcoin bitcoin официальный график monero best bitcoin simplewallet monero tinkoff bitcoin опционы bitcoin ethereum blockchain us bitcoin bitcoin work bitcoin форекс обновление ethereum bitcoin count get bitcoin bitcoin kran bitcoin конвектор bitcoin картинки
bitcoin государство bitcoin пул bitcoin сервисы ethereum получить
to bitcoin
bitcoin loan stellar cryptocurrency casinos bitcoin monero cpu ethereum покупка
bitcoin 4pda ethereum хардфорк arbitrage bitcoin bitcoin address bitcoin greenaddress forex bitcoin reddit cryptocurrency
bitcoin habrahabr ethereum алгоритм bitcoin ваучер эпоха ethereum currency bitcoin ethereum форум create bitcoin ethereum supernova Understanding Ethereumbitcoin freebie The biggest advantage of holding cryptocurrency in a hot wallet is that it can be used to help facilitate basic transactions. Individuals looking to actually make purchases with their cryptocurrency assets might choose to use a hot wallet because the holdings in that wallet will be transferable across the internet.bitcoin x2 777 bitcoin торги bitcoin bitcoin lion bitcoin официальный bitcoin lite bitcoin capital bitcoin пул bitcoin видеокарта ad bitcoin telegram bitcoin
statistics bitcoin bitcoin traffic криптовалют ethereum raiden ethereum
dwarfpool monero bitcoin перевод tether пополнение bitcoin aliexpress cryptocurrency tech boxbit bitcoin bitcoin arbitrage bitcoin marketplace airbit bitcoin ethereum core trading bitcoin qr bitcoin ethereum перевод раздача bitcoin
система bitcoin ethereum developer platinum bitcoin bitcoin instagram сбербанк bitcoin ethereum токен кошелек monero free monero keystore ethereum accept bitcoin
bitcoin darkcoin token bitcoin bitcoin bbc stealer bitcoin github ethereum microsoft ethereum bitcoin wordpress bitcoin анимация bitcoin goldmine основатель bitcoin
wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin services go bitcoin подарю bitcoin bitcoin информация
bitcoin cost автомат bitcoin cryptocurrency credit bitcoin monero bitcointalk monero pro ethereum block bitcoin украина bitcoin часы plasma ethereum ethereum pow кредит bitcoin
сложность bitcoin wei ethereum bitcoin torrent автомат bitcoin отдам bitcoin ethereum org supernova ethereum vk bitcoin bitcoin 3 bitcoin config
mt4 bitcoin